2022考研英语真题：考研英语一阅读理解部分答案解析

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21.【答案】[A] maintaining their plastic items

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和museums are faced with difficulties in定位到第一段⑦句：All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(所有这些给一些机构带来了巨大的麻烦，比如试图保护具有重要文化意义的物品的博物馆)。其中all of which指代上文③至⑥句所提到的塑料材料的种种问题：But some plastic materials change over time … melt into sludge.(一些塑料材料随着时间的推移而改变……融化成污泥)，可见，博物馆在维护其塑料藏品方面有困难。A项maintaining their plastic items(维护他们的塑料藏品)是对③至⑦句的概括总结，maintain对应preserve。所以本题选A。

22.【答案】[C] inherently flawed

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are定位到第二段①句(其中certain plastic objects对应Certain artifacts)：Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten(Thea van Oosten说，某些手工艺品特别脆弱，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱并不总是知道如何正确地混合原料)。可见，某些塑料艺术品在制作过程中就存在原料未能正确混合的问题，导致塑料艺术品本身就存在缺陷。C项inherently flawed(本身存在缺陷)是对①句的概括总结。所以本题选C。

23.【答案】[D] prevent them from further damage

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to定位到第四段②③句。②句指出It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling(它极易受到光的损害，到了20世纪90年代中期，Gilardi的南瓜、玫瑰和其他图形都在分裂和破碎)，③句继而指出Museums locked some of them away in the dark(博物馆把其中一些锁在黑暗中)。可见，博物馆将之封存在黑暗中是为了避免其遭受更多的光损害。D项prevent them from further damage(避免它们受到进一步的损害)是对②③句的合理推断。所以本题选D。

24.【答案】[D] challenging

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词preservation of plastics定位到第六段①句：Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder(尽管有van Oosten这样的成功案例，但塑料的保存可能会变得更加困难)。D项challenging(挑战性的)是对get harder的同义替换。所以本题选D。

25.【答案】[B] has profound historical significance

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Ferreira和preservation of plastic artifacts定位到第七段②③句。②句指出archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums(考古学家在检查了博物馆中的文物后，首先确定了人类历史上伟大的物质时代——石器时代、铁器时代等等)，③句承接②句指出We now live in an age of plastic … “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve … will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”(我们现在生活在塑料时代……“我们决定收集什么，我们决定保存什么……将对我们未来的形象产生重大影响。”)。可见，我们对塑料工艺品的保存对于未来定义我们的时代意义重大。B项has profound historical significance(具有深远的历史意义)是对②③句的概括总结。所以本题选B。

Text 2

26.【答案】[C] reassess the necessity of college education

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Generation Z和should定位到第一段①句(其中should对应need to)：As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey(当最新一批学生填写本科申请表并权衡他们的选择时，或许值得思考的是学位的意义、目的和价值发生了怎样的变化，以及Z世代在开启他们教育旅程的第三阶段时需要考虑什么)。C项reassess the necessity of college education(重新审视大学教育的必要性)是对①句内容的适度推断，其中college education(大学教育)对应degree(大学学位)。所以本题选C。

27.【答案】[B] the shrinking value of a degree

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词The percentage of UK graduates和non-graduate roles定位到第二段⑤句：Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries(如今，英国有28%的大学毕业生从事非大学毕业生的工作，这一比例是经合组织国家平均水平的两倍)。本句无法解题，根据定位句中的数字“28 per cent”可知，该句为论据，且该句位于段尾，所以需要往上文寻找论点解题。再找到前文的论点：As degrees became universal, they became devalued(随着大学学位变得普遍，它们也贬值了)。B项the shrinking value of a degree(大学学位的贬值)是对③句的同义替换，其中shrinking value对应devalued，degree为原词复现。所以本题选B。

28.【答案】[C] employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词a good sign定位到第四段①句(其中good对应原文的Thankfully)：Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening(值得庆幸的是，有迹象表明这种情况已经发生了)。该句无法解题，需继续看下文。结合②句Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates(雇主早就看到了雇用中学毕业生的好处，因为中学毕业生经常证明他们是比大学毕业生更尽职、更忠诚的员工)和③句Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles(许多雇主也逐渐意识到取消某些岗位对学位的要求所带来的好处)可知，雇主对待大学学位的态度发生转变，C项employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees(雇主对大学学位采取现实的态度)是对②句和③句内容的概括总结。所以本题选C。

29.【答案】[D] further their studies in a specific field

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph 5和those with one degree定位到第五段④句：When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two(当我们中越来越多的人拥有学位时，拥有两个学位是明智的)，结合②句it pays to have specific knowledge or skills(拥有特定的知识或技能是值得的)可知，作者建议有一个学位的人在特定领域继续进修深造。D项further their studies in a specific field(在特定领域继续进修深造)是对②句和④句的概括总结。所以本题选D。

30.【答案】[A] Lifelong learning will define them.

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Generation Z和the last two paragraph定位到第六段①句：they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable(他们需要在整个职业生涯中不断提升技能，以保持就业能力)，结合③句Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory(教育以及不仅仅是在校园里获得的知识，将成为Z世代职业轨迹的核心部分)可知，Z世代将终身学习。A项Lifelong learning will define them(终身学习将是他们的特征)是对①句和③句的概括总结。所以本题选A。