今天来继续学习写作满分句型——虚拟语气。也是写作中非常重要的句型哟!虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。1. if 引导的非真实条件句(用于假设不太可能发生或者与事实相反的事)① 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,不论主语为第几人称,if从句中的be动词均用were;主句中的助动词一定为过去时,且后面接动词原形。② 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中会出现had had 的情况,同学们要注意区分had与had had区别。If he had had money,he would have bought a car(如果他那时有钱,他就会买辆车)此句中第一个had为过去完成时助动词,第二个had为have(有)的过去分词。③与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,若有过去完成时助动词had或表“万一”的should或是were出现时,可将这三个词提前,将if省略。Should it rain(if it should rain),the game would be put off.Had he done it(if he had done it),he would have felt sorry.if 引导的虚拟语气可以在第二段尾句进行反面论证的时候使用,或者第三段的第一句话,文章总结的时候使用。If I worked hard, I would succeed.第三步:变虚拟,把写好的句子时态变成它的过去的一个时态。⬇worked→had worked would→would have doneIf I had worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.现在变过去:do→did; be→be+did=were将来变过去:will do→will+did+do=would do过去变过去:did→did+did=had done/would have done(1)以下情况,从句用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟,并且 should 可以省略:以防 :in case that, for fear that, lest 等命 :order, direct, command 等建(贱):suggest, advise, propose 等要求 :ask, request, require, demand 等是必要的 / 重要的 / 紧急的 :It is necessary/important/urgent that...They suggested that he (should ) come home on time.It is necessary that he (should) work hard.It is imperative/essential/urgent/necessary that should do 做……很必要该句型可以在第三段提出解决问题的具体措施的时候使用。(2)would rather 和 It is high/about time that...that从句谓语通常用过去式。
It is high time that you left.I would rather you were happier than me.I would rather (that)I had studied harder when young.与过去愿望不一致:主语+ had +过去分词/ could + have+过去分词;I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States.与未来愿望不一致:主语+ would / could +动词原形。如:I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
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